Harmony · Developing

Chord progressions and unresolved endings

Create expectation, resolution, and the feeling of falling short.

• Authentic cadence: dominant to tonic (V–I or V–i)
• Half cadence: ends on the dominant, leaving the phrase open
• Deceptive cadence: dominant moves to vi in major or VI in minor

Example: In D minor, A7 → Dm resolves. A7 → B♭ major is deceptive: it avoids the expected arrival.